In Cosmology: What Expands and What Does Not

1. The answer to question #1 is that such an ab initio creation of the entire cosmos from nothing cannot possibly happen in the real physical world. It only happens inside the heads of certain theoretical physicists and in the papers they write.

2. According to General Relativity, gravitationally bound systems do not participate in the expansion of space-time. It is only the space-time regions between the bound systems that expand, so atoms, people and star/planet systems do not expand. The space-time regions between galaxies expand unless the galaxies are part of tightly bound clusters.

3. If you search on The Supernova Analogy, or on Robert L. Oldershaw, here at Medium or on the internet, you will find an alternative to the over-idealized standard Big Bang model.

RLO

Fractal Cosmology